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Idris (prophet)
Idris ibn Yard ibn Mahla'il‘〔http://www.happy-books.co.uk/muhammad-ibn-abdullah-lineage-and-family-tree/family-tree-diagram-of-lineage-and-relatives-of-prophets-and-companions-in-muslim-history.php?id=171〕 ((アラビア語:إدريس)) is an ancient prophet mentioned in the Qur'an. He is considered to be the second prophet in Islam after Adam. He is described in the Qur'an as "trustworthy" and "patient"〔Qur'an 19:56-57 and Qur'an 21:85-86〕 and the Qur'an also says that he was "exalted to a high station", 〔''Encyclopedia of Islam'', "Idris", Juan Eduardo Campo, Infobase Publishing, 2009, pg. 344〕 Because of this and other parallels, traditionally Idris has been identified with the Biblical Enoch,〔''Encyclopedia of Islam'', Juan Eduardo Campo, Infobase Publishing, 2009, pg. 559〕 and therefore Islamic tradition usually places Idris in the early Generations of Adam, and considers him one of the oldest prophets mentioned in the Qur'an, placing him sometime between Adam and Noah.〔''Encyclopedia of Islam'', Juan Eduardo Campo, Infobase Publishing, 2009, pg. 344: (His translation made him) "Islamic tradition places him sometime between Adam and Noah."〕 Idris' unique status〔''Encyclopedia of Islam'', Juan Eduardo Campo, Infobase Publishing, 2009, pg. 344: (His translation made him) "a unique human being."〕 inspired many future traditions and stories surrounding him in Islamic lore.
According to ''hadith'', narrated by Malik ibn Anas and found in ''Sahih Muslim'', it is said that on Muhammad's Night Journey, he encountered Idris in the fourth heaven.〔, 〕 The traditions that have developed around the figure of Idris have given him the scope of a prophet as well as a philosopher and mystic,〔Wheeler, ''Historical Dictionary of the Prophets in Islam and Judaism'', ''Idris'', pg. 148〕 and many later Muslim mystics, or Sufis, including Ruzbihan Baqli and Ibn Arabi, also mentioned having encountered Idris in their spiritual visions.〔''Encyclopedia of Islam'', Juan Eduardo Campo, Infobase Publishing, 2009, pg. 345"〕
==Name==
The name "Idris" ((アラビア語:إدريس)) has been described as perhaps having the origin of meaning "interpreter."〔''Encyclopedia of Islam'', , Infobase Publishing, 2009, pg. 344: "It probably originated as a term in ancient Hebrew for "interpreter"..."〕 Traditionally, Islam holds the prophet as having functioned an interpretive and mystical role and therefore this meaning garnered a general acceptance. Later Muslim sources, those of the eighth century, began to hold that Idris had two names, "Idris" and "Enoch," and other sources even stated that "Idris' true name is Enoch and that he is called Idris in Arabic because of his devotion to the study of the sacred books of his ancestors Adam and Seth."〔''Encyclopedia of Islam'', Juan Eduardo Campo, Infobase Publishing, 2009, pg. 344〕 Therefore, these later sources also highlighted Idris as either meaning "interpreter" or having some meaning close to that of an interpretive role. Several of the classical commentators on the Qur'an, such as Al-Baizawi, said he was "called ''Idris'' from the Arabic ''dars'', meaning "to instruct," from his knowledge of divine mysteries."〔''A Dictionary of Islam'', T.P. Hughes, Ashraf Printing Press, repr. 1989, pg. 192〕
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